2.1.
Requirements 6–9, 14 and 24 of SSR-1 [1] are all relevant to the evaluation of hazards associated with HIEEs for nuclear installations, and these requirements are reproduced in paras 2.2–2.7 for convenience.
2.2.
Requirement 6 of SSR-1 [1] states that “Potential external hazards associated with natural phenomena, human induced events and human activities that could affect the region shall be identified through a screening process.”
2.3.
Requirement 7 of SSR-1 [1] states that “The impact of natural and human induced external hazards on the safety of the nuclear installation shall be evaluated over the lifetime of the nuclear installation.”
2.4.
Requirement 8 of SSR-1 [1] states that “If the projected design of the nuclear installation is not able to safely withstand the impact of natural and human induced external hazards, the need for site protection measures shall be evaluated.”
2.5.
Requirement 9 of SSR-1 [1] states that “The site evaluation shall consider the potential for natural and human induced external hazards to affect multiple nuclear installations on the same site as well as on adjacent sites.”
2.6.
Requirement 14 of SSR-1 [1] states:
“The data necessary to perform an assessment of natural and human induced external hazards and to assess both the impact of the environment on the safety of the nuclear installation and the impact of the nuclear installation on people and the environment shall be collected.”
2.7.
Requirement 24 of SSR-1 [1] states that “The hazards associated with human induced events on the site or in the region shall be evaluated.” Paragraphs 2.8–2.12 reproduce the supporting requirements to Requirement 24.
2.8.
Paragraph 5.33 of SSR-1 [1] states:
“Human induced events to be addressed shall include, but shall not be limited to:
Events associated with nearby land, river, sea or air transport (e.g. collisions and explosions);
Fire, explosions, missile generation and releases of hazardous gases from industrial facilities near the site;
Electromagnetic interference.”
2.9.
Paragraph 5.34 of SSR-1 [1] states that “Human activities that might influence the type or severity of natural hazards, such as resource extraction or other significant re-contouring of land or water or reservoir induced seismicity, shall be considered.”
2.10.
Paragraph 5.35 of SSR-1 [1] states that “The potential for accidental aircraft crashes on the site shall be assessed with account taken, to the extent practicable, of potential changes in future air traffic and aircraft characteristics.”
2.11.
Paragraph 5.36 of SSR-1 [1] states:
“Current or foreseeable activities in the region surrounding the site that involve the handling, processing, transport and/or storage of chemicals having a potential for explosions or for producing gas clouds capable of deflagration or detonation shall be addressed.”
2.12.
Paragraph 5.37 of SSR-1 [1] states:
“Hazards associated with chemical explosions or other releases shall be expressed in terms of heat, overpressure and toxicity (if applicable), with account taken of the effect of distance and non-favourable combinations of atmospheric conditions at the site. In addition, the potential effects of such events on site workers shall be evaluated.”
2.13.
The requirements equivalent to those listed in paras 2.2–2.12 for research reactors and for nuclear fuel cycle facilities are provided in IAEA Safety Standards Series Nos SSR-3, Safety of Research Reactors [16] and SSR-4, Safety of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities [17], respectively.