Examples of Atributes Considered in the Siting Process

empty

II–4.

II–4. General site related information:

  1. Maps of site area at a suitable scale:
    1. Site boundary and emergency planning zones: Typically, these are zones demarcating 5 km, 16 km, 25 km (or more) and 80 km from reactors [II–1 to II–3], although these distances differ between States.
    2. Population distribution and location of existing industrial, commercial, institutional, recreational and residential buildings and areas, including projections of relevant developments for the expected operating lifetime of the nuclear power plant
empty

II–5.

External natural hazards:

  1. Geology:

    1. Properties of subsurface strata, depth and type of bed rock;

    2. Characteristics of subsurface material;

    3. Groundwater.

  2. Natural events:

    1. Seismic and geological considerations:

      1. Capable faults;

      2. Vibratory ground motion due to earthquakes.

    2. Volcanism;

    3. Meteorological events and variables:

      1. High wind events, such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes and water spouts;

      2. Precipitation;

      3. Storms;

      4. Snow;

      5. Lightning;

      6. Dust storms and sand storms;

      7. Hail;

      8. Freezing precipitation and frost related phenomena;

      9. Air temperature.

    4. Coastal flooding:

      1. Storm surges;

      2. Seiches;

      3. Tsunamis;

      4. Tides;

      5. Wave action;

      6. Combinations of tides: variations and extremes in sea water levels;

      7. Combination of flooding with relevant meteorological events.

    5. Inland (river) flooding:

      1. Overtopping of banks;

      2. Failure of upstream or downstream water control structures such as dykes or dams;

      3. Blockage of a river or other drainage channel;

      4. Combination of flooding with relevant meteorological events.

    6. Combination of coastal and inland flooding for sites on an estuary;

    7. Geological and geotechnical hazards:

      1. Slope instability;

      2. Soil liquefaction;

      3. Rock fall;

      4. Permafrost;

      5. Soil erosion processes;

      6. Collapse, subsidence;

      7. Expansion, uplift;

      8. Karst;

      9. Avalanches;

      10. Stability of foundation.

    8. Shoreline erosion.

  3. Change of hazard with time:

    1. Change due to climatic evolution: regional climatic change with global climatic change;

    2. Changes in physical geography of a drainage basin, including estuaries, offshore bathymetry, coastal profile, catchment area, etc.;

    3. Changes in land use and water use.

empty

II–6.

External human induced hazards:

  1. Stationary sources:

    1. Oil and gas operations (e.g. refineries);

    2. Industrial plants and operations and other facilities processing hazardous substances;

      1. Facilities for the storage of hazardous substances;

      2. Broadcasting and communication networks (for electromagnetic interference hazards);

      3. Mining or quarrying operations;

      4. Mining or quarrying operations;

      5. High energy rotating equipment;

      6. Military facilities (permanent or temporary), especially shooting ranges and arsenals.

    3. Nuclear installations located on the same site (such as installations for the reprocessing of spent fuel, the storage of fresh fuel and the storage of spent fuel).

  2. Mobile sources:

    1. Railway trains and wagons;

    2. Road vehicles;

    3. Ships and barges;

    4. Pipelines;

    5. Air traffic corridors and flight zones (both civilian and military);

    6. Transport of fresh fuel and spent

  3. Other characteristics:

    1. Oil slick;

    2. Transport of over dimension consignments.

empty

II–7.

Radiological impact:

  1. Meteorology:
    1. Wind speed and direction;
    2. Rain and other precipitation;
    3. Atmospheric temperature;
    4. Humidity;
    5. Atmospheric stability;
    6. Sand storms and dust storms.
  2. Use of land and water;
  3. Population considerations;
  4. Dispersion of radioactive material:

    1. In the atmosphere;

    2. In subsurface water;

    3. In surface water.

  5. Management of radioactive waste in operational states:

    1. Radioactive solid waste:

      1. Characteristics of the waste;

      2. Quantity;

      3. Level of activity;

      4. Management strategy.

    2. Radioactive liquid waste:

      1. Characteristics of the waste:

      2. Quantity;

      3. Level of activity;

      4. Management strategy.

    3. Discharges of radioactive gases:

      1. Characteristics of the waste;

      2. Quantity;

      3. Level of activity;

      4. Management strategy.

  6. Management of radioactive releases in accident conditions;
  7. Ambient radiation;
  8. Monitoring.

empty

II–8.

Emergency management:

  1. Physical characteristics and site characteristics that may hinder emergency plans;
  2. Emergency procedures;
  3. Infrastructural characteristics relating to the implementation of emergency plans:

    1. Evacuation routes and access routes;

    2. Sheltering;

    3. Transport.

  4. Special requirements prescribed by the regulatory body for special zones, if any, such as the exclusion boundary, low population zones, etc.;

  5. Population considerations within emergency planning zones outside the site area boundary of the nuclear installation;

  6. Additional statutory requirements of:

    1. The national or federal government;

    2. The state, provincial or territorial government;

    3. The local government.

empty

II–9.

Considerations not directly related to safety:

  1. Topography:

    1. Salient features;

    2. Contour maps for the region up to 30 km.

  2. Accessibility:

    1. Nearest railway lines;

    2. Nearest national highways and major roads;

    3. Nearest sea ports.

  3. Availability of industrial infrastructure and construction facilities:

    1. Construction materials;

    2. Construction power;

    3. Construction water;

    4. Infrastructural facilities.

  4. Proximity to load centres;
  5. Availability of and conditions of access to cooling water:

    1. Condenser cooling;

    2. Fresh water for consumption.

  6. Population centres:

    1. Locations;

    2. Distances from the nuclear power plant site;

    3. Expected populations.

  7. Proximity to load centres:

    1. Lines for the power distribution grid;

    2. Locations of major power consuming units, facilities and populations.

  8. Non-radiological environmental impacts, including ecological considerations:

    1. Heat sinks: water bodies and atmosphere;

    2. Presence of bio-sensitive areas adjacent to the site;

    3. Natural reserves, monuments or tourist spots;

    4. Restrictions by statutory bodies on:

      1. Thermal pollution:

        1. Temperature differential between the intake and outfall points of the condenser cooling water;

        2. Effects on aquatic life of discharges of condenser water.

      2. Discharge of chemical pollutants.

  9. Socioeconomic impacts, including public acceptance:

    1. Type of area adjacent: urban or rural;

    2. General source of income for local population: large scale industry, small scale industry, agriculture and agro-industries;

    3. General economic conditions of the surrounding population with respect to national averages (e.g. per capita incomes);

    4. Level of acceptance of the installation by the public.

empty